Deep vein thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious condition that occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the leg. DVT can be life-threatening if the clot breaks loose and travels to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism.

Symptoms

The symptoms of DVT can vary depending on the location and size of the clot. Some people may not experience any symptoms at all, while others may have:

• Swelling in the affected leg
• Pain or tenderness in the leg
• Warmth or redness in the affected leg
• Cramps in the affected leg
• Difficulty walking or standing
• Shortness of breath

Causes

DVT can be caused by a number of factors, including:

• Inactivity, such as being bedridden or on a long flight
• Injury to the leg
• Surgery
• Cancer
• Pregnancy
• Birth control pills or hormone therapy
• Family history of DVT
• Obesity
• Smoking

Treatment

The treatment for DVT depends on the location and size of the clot. Treatment may include:

• Anticoagulant medications to prevent the clot from getting larger or forming new clots
• Compression stockings to help improve circulation in the leg
• Surgery to remove the clot

Prevention

There are a number of things you can do to help prevent DVT, including:

• Get regular exercise
• Lose weight if you are overweight or obese
• Quit smoking
• Avoid birth control pills or hormone therapy if you are at high risk for DVT
• Wear compression stockings if you have a history of DVT
• Get up and move around every few hours if you are on a long flight or road trip

Outlook

The outlook for people with DVT depends on the location and size of the clot, as well as the underlying cause. With early diagnosis and treatment, most people with DVT can make a full recovery.